About LEVAQUIN® for Genitourinary Infections
Indications
To reduce the development of drug-resistant bacteria and maintain the effectiveness of LEVAQUIN® and other
antibacterial drugs, LEVAQUIN® should be used only to treat infections that are proven or strongly suspected to be
caused by susceptible bacteria. When culture and susceptibility information are available, they should be considered
in selecting or modifying antibacterial therapy. In the absence of such data, local epidemiology and susceptibility
patterns may contribute to the empiric selection of therapy.
View complete list of pathogens by indication
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Gram-positive Coverage
LEVAQUIN® is the only fluoroquinolone indicated for gram-positive pathogens and the gram-negative
pathogen E coli in chronic bacterial prostatitis (CBP).
1/Cipro (ciprofloxacin) [Prescribing Information]. West Haven, CT: Bayer Pharmaceuticals Corporation.
2/Naber KG, Roscher K, Botto H, Schaefer V. Oral levofloxacin 500 mg once daily in the treatment of chronic bacterial prostatitis. Int J Antimicrob Agents. 2008;32(2):145-153.
3/Nickel JC, Moon T. Chronic bacterial prostatitis: an evolving clinical enigma. Urology. 2005;66:2-8.
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Proven Efficacy
Studies demonstrate clinical and microbiological success.
4/Bundrick W, Heron SP, Ray P, et al. Levofloxacin versus ciprofloxacin in the treatment of chronic bacterial prostatitis: a randomized double-blind multicenter study. Urology. 2003;62(3):537-541.5/Drusano GL, Preston SL, Van Guilder M, et al. A population pharmacokinetic analysis of the penetration of the prostate by levofloxacin. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2000;44(8):2046-2051.
Study design: Multicenter, double-blind, active-control trial of 377 men with a clinical diagnosis of CBP4
Result: LEVAQUIN® 500 mg once daily for 28 days was noninferior to (microbiologically and clinically)
ciprofloxacin 500 mg twice daily for 28 days4
2/Naber KG, Roscher K, Botto H, Schaefer V. Oral levofloxacin 500 mg once daily in the treatment of chronic bacterial prostatitis. Int J Antimicrob Agents. 2008;32(2):145-153.
Study design: Multinational, open label, prospective study of 117 men with chronic bacterial prostatitis (CBP)2
Result: LEVAQUIN® 500 mg once daily for 28 days demonstrated efficacy in terms of clinical
success (cured + symptom improvement) and microbiological eradication2
Prostate Tissue Penetration
Tissue penetration is an important factor in treating CBP
5/Drusano GL, Preston SL, Van Guilder M, et al. A population pharmacokinetic analysis of the penetration of the prostate by levofloxacin. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2000;44(8):2046-2051.
Study design: Multicenter study of 22 adult men undergoing prostatic surgery for benign prostatic hypertrophy.
LEVAQUIN® 500 mg was administered orally once daily for 2 days prior to surgery, and
intravenously (1 h) on day of surgery. Samples were taken predose, and up to 24 hours after the end of the IV infusion.
Pharmacokinetic data do not imply clinical efficacy.
Prostate tissue ratios in 2 separate trials evaluating LEVAQUIN® or ciprofloxacin5,7
5/Drusano GL, Preston SL, Van Guilder M, et al. A population pharmacokinetic analysis of the penetration of the prostate by levofloxacin. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2000;44(8):2046-2051.
7/Waldron R, Arkell DG, Wise R, Andrews JM. The intraprostatic penetration of ciprofloxacin. J Antimicrob Chemother. 1986;17(4):544-545.
8/Zhanel GG, Ennis K, Vercaigne L, et al. A critical review of the fluoroquinolones: focus on respiratory infections. Drugs. 2002;62(1):13-59.
LEVAQUIN® Study design: Multicenter study of 22 adult men undergoing prostatic surgery for benign
prostatic hypertrophy. LEVAQUIN® 500 mg was administered orally once daily for 2 days prior to
surgery, and intravenously (1 h) on day of surgery.
Ciprofloxacin study design: Average of mean tissue/plasma ratio taken from 30 subjects 1, 2, and 4 h after
a single 500 mg oral dose of ciprofloxacin
Pharmacokinetic data do not imply clinical efficacy.
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Boxed WARNING
Fluoroquinolones, including LEVAQUIN®, are associated with an increased risk of tendinitis and tendon
rupture in all ages. This risk is further increased in older patients
usually over 60 years of age, in patients taking corticosteroid
drugs, and in patients with kidney, heart, or lung transplants.
Contraindications
LEVAQUIN®
is contraindicated in persons with known hypersensitivity to LEVAQUIN®
or other quinolone antibacterials.
Warning and Precautions
The following serious reactions and/or occasionally fatal reactions
have been reported:
-
Anaphylactic and allergic skin reactions, serious, occasionally
fatal. Discontinue immediately at first sign of skin rash or
hypersensitivity
-
Hematologic and renal toxicities
-
Severe and sometimes fatal hepatotoxicity; risk is increased if 65
years. Discontinue immediately if signs and symptoms of hepatitis
occur
-
Central nervous system effects. Discontinue if CNS effects occur
-
Clostridium difficile-associated colitis; evaluate if diarrhea
occurs
-
Peripheral neuropathy discontinue if symptoms occur to prevent
irreversibility
-
Prolongation of the QT interval, infrequent cases of arrhythmia and
rare cases of torsades de pointes
-
Moderate to severe photosensitivity/phototoxicity. Discontinue if
reaction occurs
-
Blood glucose disturbances have been reported. If a hypoglycemic
reaction occurs, discontinue and initiate appropriate therapy
immediately
Special Populations
Use during pregnancy and in nursing women only if potential benefit
justifies the potential risk to the fetus or nursing infant.
Drug Interactions
Multivalent cation-containing products decrease the absorption of
LEVAQUIN (tablet and oral dose forms)
-
Do not co-administer the IV formulation with any solution containing
multivalent cations through the same IV line.
-
LEVAQUIN® may enhance the effects of warfarin.
-
Monitor blood glucose levels if co-administered with antidiabetic
agents. Discontinue if hypoglycemic reaction occurs.
Common Adverse Reactions
Most common adverse reactions (3%) were nausea, headache, diarrhea,
insomnia, constipation and dizziness.
The above contains selected safety information for LEVAQUIN®. Please review full Important Safety Information for LEVAQUIN® located below.
Important Safety Information
Boxed WARNING
Fluoroquinolones, including LEVAQUIN®, are associated with an increased risk of
tendinitis
and tendon rupture in all ages. This risk is further increased in older patients usually over
60 years of age, in patients taking corticosteroid drugs, and in patients with kidney, heart,
or lung transplants.
- Tendon ruptures that required surgical repair have been reported in
patients receiving fluoroquinolones, including LEVAQUIN® during and after therapy; cases
occurring up to several months after completion of therapy have been reported
- If the patient is determined to have tendinitis or tendon rupture, discontinue therapy
Contraindications
LEVAQUIN® is contraindicated in persons with known hypersensitivity to LEVAQUIN® or other
quinolone antibacterials.
Hypersensitivity Reactions
Serious and occasionally fatal events, such as hypersensitivity and/or anaphylactic reactions and some of unknown etiology,
have been reported in patients receiving therapy with quinolones, including LEVAQUIN®.
- These reactions may include serious, sometimes fatal skin reactions such as toxic epidermal necrolysis
or Stevens-Johnson Syndrome; effects on the liver, including hepatitis, jaundice, and acute hepatic necrosis or failure;
renal toxicities including interstitial nephritis and/or acute renal insufficiency or failure; and hematologic effects,
including agranulocytosis, thrombocytopenia, and other hematologic abnormalities
- These reactions may occur following the first dose or multiple doses
- Discontinue LEVAQUIN® at the first appearance of a skin rash, jaundice, or any other sign
of hypersensitivity
Hepatotoxicity
Severe hepatotoxicity (including acute hepatitis and fatal events) not associated with hypersensitivity has also been
reported.
- Discontinue immediately if signs and symptoms of hepatitis develop
CNS Effects
Central nervous system effects, including convulsions, toxic psychoses, confusion, anxiety, depression, and insomnia, may
occur after the first dose.
- As with other quinolones, LEVAQUIN® should be used with caution in patients with known or
suspected disorders that may predispose them to seizures or lower the seizure threshold
Clostridium Difficile Colitis
Clostridium difficile-associated diarrhea (CDAD) has been reported with the use of nearly all antibacterial agents,
including LEVAQUIN®, and may range in severity from mild diarrhea to fatal colitis.
- If diarrhea occurs, evaluate for CDAD and treat appropriately
Peripheral Neuropathy
Rare cases of peripheral neuropathy have been reported in patients receiving quinolones, including
LEVAQUIN®.
-
Discontinue if symptoms of neuropathy occur to prevent the development of an irreversible condition
QT Prolongation
Some quinolones, including LEVAQUIN®, have been associated with prolongation of the QT interval,
infrequent cases of arrhythmia, and rare cases of torsades de pointes.
-
LEVAQUIN® should be avoided in patients with known risk factors such as prolongation of the QT interval,
patients with uncorrected hypokalemia, and patients receiving class IA (quinidine, procainamide), or class III
(amiodarone, sotalol) antiarrhythmic agents
Photosensitivity/Phototoxicity
Moderate to severe photosensitivity/phototoxicity reactions can be associated with the use of quinolones after sun or
UV light exposure.
-
Excessive exposure to the sun or UV light should be avoided
Blood Glucose Disturbances
Blood glucose disturbances have been reported with use of quinolones, usually in diabetic patients receiving
concomitant treatment with an oral hypoglycemic agent or with insulin.
-
Careful monitoring of blood glucose is recommended when LEVAQUIN® is administered concomitantly with
an antidiabetic agent
Drug Interactions
-
Antacids containing magnesium or aluminum, as well as sucralfate, metal cations such as iron,
and multivitamin preparations with zinc, or Videx®* (didanosine) chewable/buffered tablets or the
pediatric powder for oral solution, should not be taken within 2 hours before or after oral
LEVAQUIN® administration
-
Elevations of the prothrombin time in the setting of concurrent warfarin and LEVAQUIN® use
have been associated with episodes of bleeding
-
Monitoring for prothrombin time, INR, and evidence of bleeding is recommended
Use in Pregnancy/Nursing Mothers
-
LEVAQUIN® should be used during pregnancy only if the potential benefit justifies the potential risk to
the fetus
-
Because of the potential for serious adverse reactions from LEVAQUIN® in nursing infants, a decision should be
made whether to discontinue nursing or to discontinue the drug, taking into account the importance of the drug
to the mother
Use in Pediatrics
-
The risk-benefit assessment indicates that LEVAQUIN® is only appropriate in pediatric patients ≥6 months
of age for treatment of inhalational anthrax (post-exposure)
-
An increased incidence of musculoskeletal disorders (arthralgia, arthritis, tendonopathy,
and gait abnormality) compared to controls has been observed in pediatric patients receiving LEVAQUIN®
-
The safety in pediatric patients treated for more than 14 days has not been studied
Adverse Reactions
-
The most common adverse drug reactions (≥3%) in US clinical trials were nausea, headache,
diarrhea, insomnia, constipation, and dizziness
For additional information on Warnings, Precautions, Adverse Reactions, Drug Interactions,
and Use in Specific Populations, please see the full Prescribing Information, including Boxed WARNING.
* Videx is a registered trademark of Bristol-Myers Squibb Company.
LEVAQUIN® Indications
LEVAQUIN® Tablets/Injection and Oral Solution are indicated for the treatment of adults (≥18 years of age) with mild,
moderate, and severe infections caused by susceptible strains of the designated microorganisms in the conditions listed below.
LEVAQUIN® Injection is indicated when intravenous administration offers a route of administration advantageous to
the patient (eg, patient cannot tolerate an oral dosage form). Please see Dosage and Administration in full Prescribing Information for specific recommendations.
To reduce the development of drug-resistant bacteria and maintain the effectiveness of LEVAQUIN®
and other antibacterial drugs, LEVAQUIN® should be used only to treat infections that are proven or
strongly suspected to be caused by susceptible bacteria. When culture and susceptibility information are available,
they should be considered in selecting or modifying antibacterial therapy. In the absence of such data, local epidemiology
and susceptibility patterns may contribute to the empiric selection of therapy.
Appropriate culture and susceptibility tests should be performed before treatment in order to isolate and identify
organisms causing the infection and to determine their susceptibility to levofloxacin. Therapy with levofloxacin may be
initiated before results of these tests are known; once results become available, appropriate therapy should be selected.
As with other drugs in this class, some strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa may develop resistance fairly rapidly
during treatment with levofloxacin. Culture and susceptibility testing performed periodically during therapy will provide
information about the continued susceptibility of the pathogens to the antimicrobial agent and also the possible emergence
of bacterial resistance.
Acute bacterial sinusitis due to Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae, or
Moraxella catarrhalis
Acute bacterial exacerbation of chronic bronchitis due to methicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus,
Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae, Haemophilus parainfluenzae, or Moraxella catarrhalis
Nosocomial pneumonia due to methicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa,
Serratia marcescens, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae, or Streptococcus pneumoniae.
Adjunctive therapy should be used as clinically indicated. Where Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a documented or presumptive
pathogen, combination therapy with an antipseudomonal ß-lactam is recommended
Community-acquired pneumonia due to methicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pneumoniae
(including multidrug-resistant strains [MDRSP]), Haemophilus influenzae, Haemophilus parainfluenzae, Klebsiella pneumoniae,
Moraxella catarrhalis, Chlamydia pneumoniae, Legionella pneumophila, or Mycoplasma pneumoniae. MDRSP isolates are
strains resistant to two or more of the following antibacterials: penicillin (MIC ≥2 µg/mL), 2nd generation cephalosporins, eg,
cefuroxime, macrolides, tetracyclines, and trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole
Complicated skin and skin structure infections due to methicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus,
Enterococcus faecalis, Streptococcus pyogenes, or Proteus mirabilis
Uncomplicated skin and skin structure infections (mild to moderate) including abscesses, cellulitis,
furuncles, impetigo, pyoderma, wound infections, due to methicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus or Streptococcus
pyogenes
Chronic bacterial prostatitis due to Escherichia coli, Enterococcus faecalis, or methicillin-susceptible
Staphylococcus epidermidis
Complicated urinary tract infections (mild to moderate) due to Enterococcus faecalis, Enterobacter cloacae,
Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Proteus mirabilis, or Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Acute pyelonephritis caused by Escherichia coli, including cases with concurrent bacteremia
Uncomplicated urinary tract infections (mild to moderate) due to Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, or
Staphylococcus saprophyticus
Inhalational anthrax (post-exposure): To reduce the incidence or progression of disease following
exposure to aerosolized Bacillus anthracis. The effectiveness of LEVAQUIN® is based on plasma concentrations
achieved in humans, a surrogate endpoint reasonably likely to predict clinical benefit. LEVAQUIN® has not been
tested in humans for the post-exposure prevention of inhalation anthrax. The safety of LEVAQUIN® in adults for
durations of therapy beyond 28 days or in pediatric patients for durations of therapy beyond 14 days has not been studied.
Prolonged LEVAQUIN® therapy should only be used when the benefit outweighs the risk
[see Dosage and Administration and Clinical Studies in full Prescribing Information]
